Risk and protective factors of youth crime: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Abstract

Introduction: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted on the risk and protective factors of youth crime. This study aims to consolidate this evidence using an umbrella review methodology. Methods: A systematic electronic search was conducted using multiple electronic databases. Strength of associations was evaluated using quantitative umbrella review criteria, and AMSTAR was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: Among the 58 factors identified, 11 factors were supported by highly suggestive or suggestive evidence. Evidence of association was highly suggestive (class II) for substance use (odds ratio [OR] = 2·29, 95%CI 1·58–3.01), previous history of cri..